柑橘愈伤组织植株再生及其倍性鉴定

愈伤组织保存是柑橘种质资源保存的一条值得探索的途径,具有节省人力、物力、财力以及避免自然灾害和病虫害等优点。研究表明[1],待测的35种基因型的愈伤组织中,只有9种具有体胚发生能力。对于具有体胚发生能力的愈伤组织,它们能否长成正常的植株,这对于利用愈伤组织进行细胞融合或遗传转化等生物技术研究具有非常重要的指导意义。本试验以具有体胚发生能力的8种愈伤组织为试材,分析其体细胞胚胎发生能力与再生植株生长状态的关系,通过改变培养基配方来诱导胚性愈伤组织畸形胚状体分化,为细胞融合和遗传转化提供参考。通过鉴定再生植株的倍…     

柑桔冻害情况调查及其分析

本文据实地调查报道了江西省1991年冬柑枯冻害的天气状况和冻害面积、程度、损失等,并分析了致冻天气、冻害症状、冻害因素等特点,为进一步研究柑桔冻害规律,避免或预防冻害,促进柑桔生产稳定发展提供理论依据。     

NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PHYLOGENY AND SPECIATION OF KUMQUAT (FORTUNELLA SPP.) BASED ON CHLOROPLAST SNP,NUCLEAR SSR AND WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING

● Fortunella genus consists of two populations: cultivated kumquat and wild Hong Kong kumquat. ● Artificial selection might involve in the origin of cultivated Fortunella species. ● A hypothesis for the differentiation and speciation of Fortunella species is proposed. Kumquat (Fortunella spp.) is a fruit and ornamental crop worldwide due to the palatable taste and high ornamental value of its fruit. Although Fortunella is classified into the economically important true citrus fruit tree group together with Citrus and Poncirus, few studies have been focused on its evolutionary scenario. In this study, analysis of five chloroplast loci and 47 nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) loci from 38 kumquat and 10 citrus accessions revealed the independent phylogeny of Fortunella among citrus taxa, and that Fortunella mainly comprises two populations: CUL, cultivated Fortunella spp. (F. margarita, F. crassifolia and F. japonica); and HK, wild Hong Kong kumquat (Fortunella hindsii). Genomic analysis based on whole-genome SNPs indicated that the allele frequency of both pupations deviated from the neutral selection model, suggesting directional selection was a force driving their evolutions. CUL exhibited lower genomic diversity and higher linkage strength than HK, suggesting artificial selection involved in its origin. A high level of genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.364) was detected and obviously asynchronous demographic changes were observed between CUL and HK. Based on these results, a new hypothesis for the speciation of Fortunella is proposed.     

台州柑橘黄龙病防控研究新进展

根据十几年对柑橘木虱和柑橘黄龙病发生规律与防控技术研究探讨,明确了柑橘木虱在台州橘林的发生分布规律和抽样技术,分析了柑橘木虱虫株率和带毒率与黄龙病、黄龙病与柑橘产量损失等之间的关系,探讨了柑橘黄龙病预警和柑橘木虱防治指标,建立了不同管理方式下的疫情扩散模型预测橘林经济寿命,提出了柑橘黄龙病综合防控技术和可防可控的理念。     

福桔新生(系)的选育研究初报

以柚子为父本,选择福桔优良单株为母本进行杂交,培育珠心苗进行福桔的品种提纯复壮。运用高接换种的方法可使珠心苗提早2~3 a开花结果,缩短童期,并保持了福橘优良性状,显著地提高了品质。对珠心苗高接植株多年观察及品质鉴定,认为珠心胚植株在品质上表现较大差异。选出优良福桔珠心系“新农1号”、“新农2号”和“新农3号”3个株系,其中新农1号株系可溶性固形物达14.2%,单果种子数仅8粒,单果重118 g,具有丰产、果大、色艳、种子少、可溶性固形物高等优良性状。     

肇庆柑橘种质遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD分子标记技术对广东省肇庆地区5个柑橘栽培品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：从60个随机引物中筛选出40个重复性好、稳定性高的有效引物,共扩增出459条带,其中多态性条带为309条,多态性比例为67.32%。5个供试品种间的遗传相似系数范围为0.33~0.74。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,在遗传相似系数为0.41时,5个栽培品种可分为2个类群：马水橘独自为1类曰其他4个为1类;当遗传相似系数为0.55时,贡柑单独为1小类,砂糖橘、八月橘和酸橘为1小类。     

甜橙乙烯诱导酯酶基因家族的进化

为了解甜橙乙烯诱导酯酶基因（Citrus sinensis Ethylene-induced esterase gene、CsEIE）家族成员的进化历 史与功能分化、检索比对了甜橙基因组尧TAIR 数据库尧Phytozome 数据库和NCBI EST 数据库中多个物种的EIE 家族 基因、分析了甜橙中该基因家族的全部18 个成员的基因结构尧染色体分布尧蛋白结构域尧保守序列尧基因表达尧进化 选择方向以及系统发生关系。结果表明、CsEIE 家族成员分布在4 条染色体中、通常呈串联重复排列;不同基因的外 显子数目变异范围为1~5;该基因家族绝大多数成员含有3 个保守基序。系统发生学分析结果显示、被子植物EIE 家 族基因聚为3 个分支、表明EIE 基因家族是在被子植物分支前就已存在的古老的多基因家族、家族成员目前的分布 现状是基因不断重复和丢失的结果。系统发生树中、甜橙CsEIE1~CsEIE8 属于同一分支、推测其是在柑桔与研究中 其他物种分化后经多次基因重复事件产生。该分支在其他被子植物中也同样有多个经独立基因重复事件形成的旁 系同源、而另外两支中发生的重复事件要少得多。表达分析结果显示、CsEIE 基因家族在转录活性尧表达模式上已经 出现了较大的分化。所有结果表明CsEIE 基因家族仍在扩张、各成员在经受不同的选择压力。     

南方山区集中连片大规模开发果园的建议——由安远县柑橘黄龙病引起的反思

2013年柑橘黄龙病在江西省安远县大面积爆发,通过调查,总结了安远柑橘黄龙病发生历史,爆发危害,重点分析了发病原因,就南方山区规模化连片种植发展柑橘产业提出深思和建议,更加明确地将过度开发与此次灾害联系起来。为其他地区今后在生态保护与经济发展权衡上提供理论参考。     

柠檬叶挥发性成分的提取及分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从柠檬叶中提取挥发油中的油相成分,进一步以乙醚为溶剂从蒸馏馏出液中萃取挥发油中的水溶性物质;利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)表征了二者的化学成分,根据气相色谱峰面积归一化法进行定量.通过表征和分析比较得到:柠檬叶挥发油油相成分得率为0.33％(以鲜叶计),确定了其中的30种成分,占油相成分总量的96.35％,其主要成分为d-柠檬烯(29.91％),其后依次为β-蒎烯(20.37％)、香茅醛(18.52％)、桧烯(5.74％).柠檬叶水溶性成分得率为0.03％(以鲜叶计),确定了其中的30种成分,占水相成分总量的97.94％,其主要成分为d-柠檬烯(30.33％)、香茅醛(21.88％)、β-蒎烯(19.83％)、桧烯(6.49％).     

Guidance of groups of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to allow sorting by computer vision

Prior to marketing, ornamental tropical fish are currently sorted, graded and counted manually; a process that is labor intensive, stressful to fish and inaccurate. Manipulation of fish movements at our will is a key element in the development of a device for automatically sorting, grading and counting fish by a computer vision system, and the present study is one step towards the development of such a fish-friendly sorting device. The positive phototactic and rheotactic innate responses of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were exploited to induce them to swim through transparent pipes or narrow channels, to render them ready for inspection by a computer vision system. Water flow direction and velocity, water level, and illumination were effective in inducing fish to move from one container into the other via a narrow transparent pipe. It was attempted to separate guppies moving in groups into individually spaced fish, by introducing an obstacle into a narrow channel or narrowing the transparent pipe.